In the summer of 2007 I received news about a new version of SilverFast scanning software that included additional and improved features, most significantly for this report something dubbed Multi-Exposure. This is a strategy involving two scan passes: one with normal exposure and a second with amplified exposure applied just to the shadow regions of the film image; then these two images are blended into one. The purpose is to enhance the amount of shadow information. Having worked with various scanners trying to obtain the best possible digital images from slide and transparency films, especially Kodachrome, I was eager to explore this new feature LaserSoft had added to some versions of SilverFast.

The computer screen interface for SilverFast Ai 6.5.1 may look a bit complex and intimidating. However, it is really much less complicated than all of the tools and processes hidden in Photoshop or even the simpler Elements. And SilverFast has an advantage of a built-in Scan Pilot to guide a user through the scan process in logical order. A user can also choose to just apply a few basic automated adjustments for the sake of simplicity and obtain good, serviceable output scan files. Like any image editor or even musical instrument, you can take the time to become fully acquainted with what each adjustment tool and feature provides by experimentation and previewing results. For instance, this Kodachrome image of a severely backlit lake scene was an extremely blue silhouette that with a few adjustments neutralized the blue and revealed some detail in the shadows. All Photos © 2007, David B. Brooks, All Rights Reserved

I downloaded the new version update for my Konica Minolta DiMAGE Scan Elite 5400 II scanner and dug out some of my most challenging, contrasty, dark shadow Kodachrome slides that had eluded my ability to get good scanned images in the past. To activate Multi-Exposure you click on a "sun symbol" icon in the middle of the vertical selection portion of the Preview frame. After that I adjusted the parameters and scanned a number of Kodachrome slides to 48-bit output files. This bit depth will support making some post-scan adjustments without losing any image data.

All was going fine and Multi-Exposure was performing as advertised--capturing more and better image information in the darker areas of the images. Then I zoomed in on one of the files and saw something strange--a ghost image just slightly off-register with the main image. Uh-oh! What kind of problem do we have here? So I looked at the eight scans I'd made and three of them had this out-of-register artifact.

Slide films exposed on a clear day in sunlight often have very dark shadows. Bringing openness into these shadows that will reproduce in a print is often not easy. A straight, normal single-pass scan (small inset) compared to the (larger) image of an adjusted Multi-Exposure scan allows the use of a greater curve alteration, or Shadow/Highlight shadow adjustment to reveal more and better shadow detail information.

Obviously there was some change occurring between the first and second scan pass. It did not take much thought to come up with the likely gremlin, having had experience with "film popping," a common occurrence with slide projectors and enlargers. The film actually "pops" because the generated heat allows the surface tension between the emulsion and back of the film to relax and any curve in the film simply flattens out, which changes the focus plane.

I then sent a detailed e-mail and a JPEG blowup of one of the scans with this double-image artifact to my contact at the LaserSoft office in Florida. I eventually received a phone call from Karl-Heinz Zahorsky, president and founder of LaserSoft Imaging, and it was agreed I would look for a solution for the film popping. LaserSoft offered to loan me a Nikon CoolScan 5000 ED to try, as they claimed that scanner had not produced the problem I had encountered. I then undertook a more involved and extensive experiment to solve the film-popping problem and thoroughly evaluate the advantages Multi-Exposure could provide.

This scene was shot on Kodachrome, but the slide revealed little of the reflecting pool in the foreground. Using SilverFast Multi-Exposure, I was able to obtain enough good quality information from the deeply shadowed foreground to reproduce the scene as I saw it and to reveal why it inspired a photograph.

Solving The Film-Popping Problem
The most immediate and obvious solution is the same many of us used for doing slide shows--mounting the film in glass slide mounts so the film is both shielded from the heat and is held flat between two glass surfaces. Of course, the possibility the glass would have an adverse effect on scan image output quality came to mind, particularly with glass slide mounts that employed
Anti-Newton ring glass.

Another possible solution came to mind from my recent experience with the Epson Perfection V750-M Pro scanner, using fluid mounting of the slide film between two pieces of glass. This would provide the flat, stable position of the film plane for multiple scanner passes. The fluid effectively eliminates the surface refractions of the film surfaces as well as the inside glass surfaces, plus provides other optical advantages to scanning quality. As far as I knew, I'd never read of anyone attempting fluid mounting film with 35mm dedicated scanners, so I expected the procedure to require a lot of jerry-rigging. That caused me to leave this part of the work to the end of my project. You can read my notes on it in the accompanying sidebar below.

Night photography is usually difficult because the artificial illumination sources have a sharp falloff of illumination and shadow areas can be very dark, resulting in excessive contrast. In the pair of files the one on the left is a straight single-pass scan, and on the right a post-scan adjusted Multi-Exposure scan. The Multi-Exposure scan allows the shadows to be opened more, reducing the effect of the severe lighting contrast, revealing more detail and image information within a printable range of values.

I received the loaner Nikon CoolScan 5000 ED and LaserSoft SilverFast software. I selected a stack of mounted slides with rather dark shadow areas that had previously defied printable results. I began scanning with Multi-Exposure turned on and output the scans to 48-bit TIFF files. I color corrected and adjusted the output parameters based on the appearance of the Preview image in SilverFast. And with a few Multi-Exposure scans I also added another SilverFast utility with the icon name AA/CO, which is a previously designed adjustment tool designed to bring more detail out of shadow areas in film images. Shortly I had a large folder of 48-bit image files with one of each slide processed with and without Multi-Exposure.

The superficial appearance of images with and without Multi-Exposure is about the same. However, with any of the more advanced image editors, like Photoshop CS3, Elements 5.0, or SilverFast HDR, you can use tools like Photoshop's Shadow/Highlight to further open and reveal more information in the darker areas of the image. That's when you'll immediately find the limits of a straight scan vs. the greater depth of information in the Multi-Exposure scan. Utilizing this feature permits shadows to be opened up without any less image quality or more artifacts, when compared to the rest of the image. However, on the few images where I combined SilverFast's AA/CO and Multi-Exposure, the AA/CO adjustment effect was either insufficient or too strong, so I would not recommend using AA/CO combined with Multi-Exposure. That's not to denigrate the power of this tool; if a post-scan adjustment is done with AA/CO it is predictable, and advantageous.

I made a scan with and without fluid mounting of this Kodachrome slide. The fluid-mounted scan in the inset frame on close examination has cleaner, more transparent color, less of a color cast, and smoother tonalities that are less affected by grain and image defect artifacts.

The Popping Problem--Multi-Exposure Scanning With Glass Slide Mounts
Microtek, Konica Minolta, and Canon dedicated 35mm scanners all use a CCF tube light source that generates more heat than the LED light source used in Nikon CoolScan models. One solution is to place your slides in glass slide mounts; both Gepe and Wess Plastic brands work equally well. Much to my surprise, I found the plain glass mounts made by Gepe produced no better scan quality than Anti-Newton ring glass mounts. This also applies to Kodachrome film, which I used for this test in large part because the short exposure latitude and high D-max of Kodachrome is more likely to produce images with dark shadows. So, if Multi-Exposure also works well with Kodachrome, its value is potentially much larger.